Almost every traditional non-stick pan works the same way: a thin synthetic coating — usually PTFE, best known under the Teflon name — bonded onto a metal base. That coating is the product. It is the only reason eggs slide and cleanup takes ten seconds.
It is also the part that wears out first.
Metal utensils, high heat, abrasive sponges and a few thousand ordinary meals all work against it. The surface scratches, dulls, and eventually begins to flake. Once that happens, sticking is no longer a technique problem you can cook your way around — the non-stick layer simply is not there anymore.
Those flakes have to go somewhere, too. Some stay in the pan. Some end up in the food. That is the second reason a growing number of home cooks have started reading the label on their cookware: PTFE belongs to a group of synthetic compounds known as PFAS, which break down extremely slowly and have drawn increasing attention from regulators and researchers in recent years.
For most people, though, the everyday frustration comes first. A pan that no longer does the one thing you bought it for is a pan on its way to the bin.